The Indian history is enriched with the architecture, different types of other arts and various cultural innovations. The word “architecture” is derived from the Latin word ‘tekton’ which means builder. When people started to build shelter and home, the science of architecture begun. The word sculpture is basically derived form the word ‘kel’ which means ‘to cut or cleave’. Sculptures are basically aesthetic works than engineering and measurements as they are smaller pieces of art, either handmade or made with tools.
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Basic Differences in Architecture and Sculpture;
Architecture
The architectures are basically larger in size as it refers to design and construction of buildings. The acrhitectures basically made with the mixture of different types of materials like stone, wood, glass, sand, sandstone etc. For examples, the Red Fort of Agra had mainly materials involved in its building like red sandstone, glasses, white marbles etc.
Architecture involves engineering and engineering mathematics because it requires detailed and accurate measurements. The Taj Mahal, Sun Temple of Konark, Golden Temple etc. all are typical examples of the Indian architectures build in the history of India.
Sculptures
Sculptures are generally three-dimensional works of arts and they relatively smaller in the size as compare to architecture. Architectures are made from the mixture of different materials while sculptures are generally made of single type of material. For example, the Dancing Girl statue of Harappan time is made of bronze.
Sculptures are basically works of creativity and imagination and they did not depend on the certain and accurate measurements. The other examples are Nataraja Image of Chola age, Beheaded figure of Kanishka discovered from Mathura.
Indian Architecture and its Classification
The Indian art and architecture are evolved with time. With the passing of time, new inventions and ideas are added to the art and architecture of India. For example, with the coming of Turkish rulers in India, new form of architecture Indo-Islamic emerged in India. From starting Harappan civilization to modern British rule, the architecture and other arts have their own stories of evolution.
Classification of Indian Architecture
The Indian architecture can be broadly divided into Ancient Indian, Medieval Indian and Modern Indian types of architecture.
- Ancient Indian Architecture
The ancient India period is basically the period started form the Ice age up to 7th century AD. This period can be divided into arts of different periods; Harappan art, Mauryan art, post-Mauryan art, Gupta art, post-Gupta art and South Indian art. This classification is very broad because it did contain the arts of other regional periods. For example, Mauryan art, it basically a classification of a certain time-period which is Mauryan period.
- Medieval Indian Architecture
The Medieval Indian architecture is basically divided into two period Delhi sultanate art and Mughal art. But this period also has number of other regional arts like Bijapur school of art, Bengal school of art etc.
- Modern Indian Architecture
The modern Indian architecture basically have the arts of colonial time. This broadly divided into Indo-Gothic style and Neo-Roman style. But there were other regional arts emerged during this age. For example, Sikh arts.
Thus, the Indian history is very rich in the architecture and other arts and culture as well. We will further discuss this topic in detail.
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